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hypertension

What is hypertension

Hypertension is a disease of stable elevation of blood pressure and is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased stress is a concomitant factor in many diseases and may lead to the development of cardiovascular complications.

Hypertension requires continuous control and medication. In the modern clinic "Medcentservice", you can conduct a comprehensive examination if necessary and the doctor will choose effective treatment.

Arterial hypertension variety

The most common mixed form of hypertension, where both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are increased. Less than usual, there is only one type of blood pressure that is a characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the occurrence, two types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:

  1. Major or essential. It is impossible to determine the exact cause of the disease, as no pathology may cause increased stress. Most commonly, due to genetic susceptibility, a sedentary lifestyle, a sedentary lifestyle develops essential hypertension.
  2. secondary. Due to the consequences of other diseases, you can accurately determine the cause of increased stress. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney disease.

According to the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 3-degree hypertension is distinguished:

  • 1 degree. It is carried out in a soft form and the systolic blood pressure is raised to 140 mm Hg. Art, diastolic blood pressure - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. The medium pressure rises to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions in the cardiovascular system organs can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. The marker of systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure increased to 200/115 mm Hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications due to the disturbance of blood supply to internal organs.

Important! If first-grade hypertension is not treated, the disease may progress very high. Very high stress indicators can cause a hypertension crisis, which is full of stroke.

complication

Complications may occur during long-term or severe hypertension. Among the most dangerous people, they emphasize:

  1. The brain lesions develop into stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the recovery period takes a lot of time.
  2. Heart disease and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney disease. In the context of arterial hypertension, renal failure may develop, and the volume of salt and fluid in the body may be imbalanced.

Frequent complications are hypertension crisis. Periodic short-term stress increase is accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting and a rapid heartbeat.

Blood pressure diagnosis and examination

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure the pressure and check the so-called target organ.

Steps required to diagnose "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. Pressure measurement is the independent periodicity of the doctor's office.
  2. Analysis by blood and urine.
  3. Evaluation of the work of myocardium – using a voice microscope or more detailed – is evaluated by electrocardiogram or cardiac ultrasound.
  4. Multiple Surgery - Allows you to evaluate the state of blood flowing through the blood vessels to the heart.
  5. Angiography - The condition of the artery wall can be seen.
  6. Examination of the fundus - necessary during the initial stage of hypertension. As the retinal venous pressure increases, the eyes expand and the arteries narrow.
  7. Ultrasound examination of kidney and adrenal glands - This study allows you to evaluate the kidney's work to determine damage to kidney tissue.

Important! You must definitely consult a doctor when you are in the first sign of high blood pressure. A timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatments and avoid complications.

Prevent hypertension

To prevent high blood pressure, there are many simple suggestions you need to follow:

  1. Regularly measure blood pressure, resulting in a diary with indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure (if it happens frequently) can turn into a shocking bell.
  2. Follow lifestyle - exercise activities, nutrition, and eliminate bad habits.
  3. Study regularly with a doctor.

Following these simple rules will help minimize risk.

Rules for measuring blood pressure to diagnose arterial hypertension

In order to obtain an objective picture when measuring pressure, this is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the surgery, give up smoking, consume tea, coffee, alcohol and other irritating beverages, meals and physical fatigue.
  2. When measuring pressure, please be in a convenient position and do not cross the legs.
  3. The pressure gauge should be at heart level.
  4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the process 2-3 times.
  5. The difference between the left-handed and right-handed indicators may be 10 mm Hg. Art. Even 20mm Hg. Art.

To get objective pictures, measure the stress at home regularly and add data to your diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different age groups. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and check with your doctor regularly.

Causes of hypertension

Sometimes, absolutely healthy people increase blood pressure – a natural reaction to stress and physical exercise. If in a calm state, with at least three control measures, blood pressure rises to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. or more, there is a possibility of diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons for increased blood pressure:

  1. Congenital or renal artery hypertension. If the kidney blood flow is violated, the kidneys release a substance called renin that is increased in the body. As a result, spasms of small blood vessels occur, the blood vessel walls gradually become thicker, and excessive fluid in the blood is delayed. The described process increases the load on the heart and causes an increase in blood pressure.
  2. Over-building with tension. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of high blood pressure.
  3. Hormone failure and metabolic disorders. They cause circulatory diseases in the tissues.

Elevations in blood pressure are usually observed. For people over 20-40 years, the normal pressure is 120/70–130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40 - 60 years - 140/90 mm HG. Art, over 60-140/90–150/90 mm Hg. Art.

A rather common cause of pathology is inheritance. In addition, factors that cause high pressure include:

  • Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • A sedentary lifestyle;
  • Overweight;
  • Improper nutrition.

If a person has at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to undergo a regular physical examination and perform all necessary tests. It is important to consider that the initial stage of hypertension can develop without obvious symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a sinister disease. At the initial stage, the pathology may not show, but the asymptomatic course is equally dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to measure blood pressure regularly and perform a physical examination. This is especially important for patients in the risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

  • Frequent headaches;
  • nosebleed;
  • Violating the heart rhythm;
  • vision;
  • tinnitus.

Due to more severe hypertension, the above symptoms may be added:

  • Weakness;
  • nausea;
  • Vomit;
  • Muscle tremor;
  • Puzzled;
  • Chest pain.

People often present symptoms of hypertension in general fatigue. However, when the first shocking bell appears, you should consult your doctor right away. As the stress increases, the maximum load of the heart and kidneys works, which can lead to hypertonic crisis, heart and renal failure.

Treatment of hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires a comprehensive approach:

  • Lifestyle changes - It is recommended to increase exercise activities and monitor diet;
  • The use of drug therapy will help lower blood pressure and avoid complications.

Notice! Only doctors can prescribe medication and choose the dosage of the medication. You cannot introduce yourself to avoid aggravating the situation.

This article is published for cognitive familiarity only and is not a scientific material or a professional medical committee. For diagnosis and treatment, consult your doctor.